What is Hyperthyroidism-Symptoms, diagnosis and Treatment.

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Hyperthyroidism


1.Overview-


Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excess amount of thyroid hormone-like- thyroxine, T3 and T4.
This is called Overactive thyroid.
The thyroid hormone regulates the metabolism if cell and thyroid hormone production is controlled by the brain and pituitary gland.
This overactive thyroid increases your metabolism and increases the heart rate and produces the unpleasant symptoms.


2.Causes of Hyperthyroidism-

There are many condition which causes Hyperthyroidism like-
1.Autoimmune diseases- Grave's Disease.-
  •    This is immune system disorder,Most common cause of             hyperthyroidism.
  •    This is more common if female, after the age of 40yrs.
  •    It causes antibodies to produce excess thyroid hormone.
  •    This is a genetic disorder , runs in family.
  •   Exophthalmos ( prominent eyeball) is present in grave's disease.
2. Excessive Iodine Intake.
3. Thyroiditis and Thyroid Nodule.
4.Benign tumor of thyroid and pituitary gland.

 [Read this also-Causes of Hypothyroidism]






Common Symptoms includes-

1. Restlessness, Anxiety
2. Agitation
3. Tremors, Shaking hands.
4.fatigue or weakness
5. Heat Intolerance (sensitivity to heat)
6.Weight loss
7. Fast heartbeat with palpitations.
8. Difficulty in sleeping
9. Thin hair
10.Brittle nails
11.Frequent Bowel movements.
12. Irregular Menstruation in females.
13.Breast development in Males.

 A visibly swollen thyroid Called Goiter is present. which is may be one-sided.

 You can read this also- [Symptoms of hypothyroidism]


4. Investigation/ Lab test for Hyperthyroidism-





 Doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms including a swollen thyroid, a fast pulse, moist skin, and shaking in your hands or fingers. They’ll give you tests that might include:

1. Full Thyroid profile Test- T3, T4, TSH.( free T3, Free T4)
In hyperthyroidism there is deacrease in ↓TSH, increase in ↑T3 , increase in ↑T4 level.

 2. Thyroid scan-A technician injects a small amount of radioactive iodine into your bloodstream. Your thyroid absorbs it, and a special camera takes pictures of the gland to look for nodules or other signs of problems.


3.Ultrasound of thyroid gland

4. Radioactive Iodine Uptake test to measure how much of iodine collects in your thyroid.


5. Treatment of Hyperthyroidism-




1. Medical treatment- Antithyroid drugs like methimazole (Tapazole) and propylthiouracil (PTU) block your thyroid from making too many hormones. 
 These are the common treatment. Excessive dose can put you on Hypothyroidism.

2. Beta-blockers- This regulates your thyroid hormone but controls the symptoms like anxiety, shaking hands, fast heartbeat,sweating.

3.Radioactive iodine. You swallow a small amount of radioactive iodine. Overactive thyroid cells absorb it, and it destroys them. This makes your thyroid shrink and your levels of thyroid hormone go down. You might need to have this treatment more than once.

4. Surgery- If medicines are not a good option for you then the doctor may remove the whole of your thyroid gland.





Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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